Abstract art
The art that does not imitate or represent directly the external reality. Some people restrict the term to non-figurative art, while others use for those projects that are not representational, even if ultimately "derive" from reality. At times, they have suggested several alternative conditions (non-representational art, non-objective art), but none of them has become widely accepted. The word "abstract" is often used with relative concept, since the painting is necessarily abstract in addressing the issues. The original source of an abstract table of painting (for example, a landscape or a still life) may be visible. However, it can only be used simplified or geometric shapes without any direct reference to external reality, such as the art of Mondrian. In a third kind of abstraction, the "evolution" of the table of painting is indicated by the brushstrokes, the color and the texture of the material that is used. Behind every kind of abstract art is hidden the idea that the forms and the colors are enough to excite the viewer. Much of painting and sculpture of the 20th century has tried to eliminate any representational intention. As sources of inspiration for this operation are considered the decorative patterns of ceramic, the old manuscripts and the applied arts, the Islamic art, the sculpture of primitive and tribal Africa and ultimately the unrealistic elements in the previous European painting (for example, the simplified architectural background in some tables of paining of Fra Angelico). The abstract art of the twentieth century has its roots in Cezanne, who has yielded some information of the landscape like geometric solids. That was maybe the cause of the great admiration of Cubist to him. The first, however, structured and abstract movement of our time was Cubism, whose influence on all subsequent abstract artists was crucial. On the other hand, the autonomous value of color was highlighted for the first time not by cubist but by Gauguin, the painters of the School of Pont-Avenue, and then the Nabi and Fauv. The first non-Pictorial table of painting was created by Kandinsky in 1910, though certainly had preceded artists (like Gustave Moreau and others) that in their projects the issue had become virtually invisible. The emotion of color, it was also one of the main driving forces of the German Expressionism. The emergence of Cubism followed a series of derivatives or parallels movements such as Futurism in Italy, Vorticism in Britain, Dutch De Stijl in Netherlands and the various schools of abstraction in Russia that were ranging from the Rayonism of Larionov and Goncharova and reached as constructivism and the strictly geometric, abstract art of Malevich (Suprematism). In sculpture and painting of the 1920, the abstraction was very common as style. In the decade of 1930, the main trend in the abstract art was again geometric and in 1932 was founded the group “Remove-created”, to promote exactly this kind of art - Salon des Realites Nouvelles played the same role after the Second World War. In the postwar, abstract art, the main feature is the amorphous compositions and the innovations in technique, as they expressed through the movement of the Abstract Expressionism. Finally, the sculpture of the 20th century is largely an abstract sculpture.